@teresamerica No it isn’t equally harmful, because that isn’t true that working has a universal (or even somewhat trending) negative influence on parenting. I’m a professor of child development, and the influence of parental working and caregiving/daycare on attachment is one of the most studied aspects of the field, and for the longest time.
We currently have more dual income households than ever in the US - meaning more parents working. We also spend MORE TIME with our children than previous generations have. And this time tends to be higher quality. So off the bat, the idea of working causing parental issues because of time is incorrect.
Now, in any given situation you of course can have parents with bad or good relationships with their kids. Stay at home moms who are depressed have poorer attachments to their children than those who aren’t (with good reason). Working mothers who spend 40+ hours away from their children can have excellent relationships with their children above and beyond any stay at home parent. What larger trends show you is that these relationships aren’t caused BECAUSE of things like just time, just food, just working or not - it’s about the quality of the caregiver-child relationship.
Covid has been a really interesting to think about with this framework because many families were together and locked down for very long periods of time, but this did not result in better outcomes across the board for kids OR parents.
In other words: your neighbor being a nurse didn’t CAUSE her to have a worse relationship with her child. But maybe being a working mom when she didn’t want to be in a high stress environment caused her anxiety that bled into her home life and caused her to be more emotionally distanced from her child - and THAT influenced the child to prefer the nanny (or any other similar scenario).